Gantry crane is developed with the development of port industry. In 1890, for the first time, the fixed and rotatable jib crane was installed on the operating half gate seat across the narrow wharf, which became the early port crane. With the increase of wharf width, gantry crane and half gantry crane develop side by side, and boom and luffing system are widely used. With the rapid development of port gantry crane, in order to facilitate the parallel work of multiple cranes on the same ship, the rotating pillar gantry crane (Figure 1 [rotating pillar gantry crane]) which is connected with the column body is generally used, or the rotating part is connected with the gate seat through the large bearing, so as to reduce the tail diameter of the rotating part, and the reduction of wharf cover is also adopted The door seat structure of the cover (the projection of the main body of the door seat to the ground). In the process of development, gantry crane is also gradually applied to the docks and hydropower stations where the operating conditions are close to the port.
classification
It can be divided into three categories according to its use:
Gantry crane for loading and unloading: it is mainly used for loading and unloading in port and open stacking yard with grab or hook. Generally, the lifting capacity shall not exceed 25 tons and shall not change with the range. Working speed is high, so productivity is often an important indicator.
Gantry crane for shipbuilding: it is mainly used in shipway, floating dock and Yizhuang site for hull splicing, equipment Yizhuang and other lifting work, with hook as lifting appliance. The maximum lifting capacity is up to 300 tons, and the lifting capacity will be reduced when the range is large. There are multiple lifting speeds, which can be increased when lifting is light. Some working mechanisms are also equipped with micro motion devices to meet the installation requirements. If the height of the gate seat is large, it can meet the requirements of large lifting height and large-scale operation, but the working speed is low and the productivity is not high.
Gantry crane for construction and installation: it is mainly used for dam pouring, equipment and prefabricated parts hoisting in hydropower station, generally with hook. Lifting capacity and working speed are generally between the first two types of cranes. It has the characteristics of good transportation of the whole machine, large dropping depth of spreader, and good adaptability to temporary work and trestle work.
Form
The gantry crane has hoisting, slewing, luffing and operation mechanisms. The first three mechanisms are installed on the rotating part and participate in the operation in each cycle. The rotating part is also equipped with a tiltable single boom or combined boom and a cab. The operating mechanism is installed at the lower part of the gate base to adjust the working position of the crane. The crane with bucket gate base (Fig. 2 [crane with bucket gate base]) is also equipped with expansion funnel, belt conveyor and other additional equipment to improve the productivity of the grab used by the gantry crane in handling bulk materials. In addition to the electrical protection device, it is also equipped with lifting or lifting moment limiter, crane rail clamp and other safety devices.
system
Most Gantry Cranes use horizontal luffing system.
There is almost no vertical displacement of the center of gravity of the weight and the boom system in the process of luffing. One of the methods is to balance the rise and fall of the composite center of gravity when the boom system is pitching by adding a movable balance weight. The second method is to ensure that the moving track of the resultant gravity center is close to the horizontal line and there is no moving balance weight by the mechanism characteristics of the boom system.
In the process of luffing, the weight moved along the track close to the horizontal line, so compensation method and combined boom method can be used. The compensation method is to automatically retract and release the corresponding lifting rope through the special rope storage system in the process of luffing, so as to compensate the vertical displacement of the spreader caused by the boom lifting. The combined boom method is based on the mechanism characteristics of the combined boom to ensure that the boom end moves nearly horizontally in the process of luffing. Both methods are widely used.
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